Stijns RCH, et al. - In patients with cT1-3N0M0 rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), authors assessed long-term oncological outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQL). In this multicenter phase 2 feasibility study, they prospectively included patients with cT1-3N0M0 rectal cancer admitted to referral centers for rectal cancer throughout the Netherlands between February 2011 and September 2012 were. Organ preservation was enabled by CRT with additional TEM surgery in approximately two-thirds of patients in early-stage rectal cancer, resulting in good long-term oncological outcome and HRQL. A certain degree of bowel dysfunction was caused by this multimodality treatment, and CRT overtreatment and radical surgery is still seen in one-third of patients.