Ciavattini A, et al. - Through a retrospective cohort study of 434 women with adequate colposcopy and complete colposcopic charts, the researchers assessed the risk of progression to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (CIN2-3) or invasive cancer in women with histopathological diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (CIN1, the transient expression of a self-limited human papillomavirus (HPV) infection), endured in a long-term observational approach up to 5 years. During 5 years of follow-up, progress to histopathological HSIL (CIN2-3) was observed in a total of 32 cases. A histopathological diagnosis of HSIL (CIN3) was seen in four patients with no case of invasive cancer. High-grade cytology at inclusion and the presence of a positive high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA test at 2 years from inclusion had a meaningful association with the risk of histopathological progression to HSIL (CIN2-3). Hence, a low rate of histopathological progression to HSIL (CIN2-3) in women with LSIL (CIN1) diagnosis was discovered during long-term follow-up up to 5 years. Moreover, in order to halt progression to HSIL (CIN2-3) in the coming years, an excisional treatment could be the preferred choice, in the case of positive HR-HPV DNA test at the 2 years evaluation favoring maintenance of follow-up in case of HR-HPV DNA negative result.