de Gamarra-Oca LF, Ojeda N, Gómez-Gastiasoro A, et al. - In this systematic review and meta-analyses, researchers sought to analyze long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of moderate and late preterm (MLPT) born adults in relation to cognitive functioning and psychiatric disorders. A search was performed to identify any studies that involved prematurity in adulthood. Reports that involved a group of MLPT adults and included descriptions of cognitive and/or mental health domains (including specific long-term outcomes) were chosen from these studies. There were 155 publications found, but only 16 papers met the inclusion criteria. Despite inconsistency due to the methodological differences between the chosen studies, MLPT exhibited minor long-term effects into adulthood. More research is needed, however, because prematurity appears to confer some vulnerability to biological and environmental factors that increase susceptibility to negative neurodevelopment outcomes.