Rinta-Kokko H, et al. - Researchers sought to determine the long-term effect of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in vaccine-eligible and older, unvaccinated children six years after PCV10 introduction with a special focus on cross-protection against PCV10-related serotypes (serotypes in the same serogroups as the PCV10 types). In vaccine-eligible children, high impact of PCV10 vaccination on IPD was reported with a major reduction in vaccine-type disease and without notable replacement by other serotype groups. Against 6A IPD, PCV10 afforded long-lasting direct cross-protection. In the vaccine-eligible cohort, no net reduction was observed for 19A six years after Finnish National Vaccination Programme (NVP) introduction. The indirect impact on IPD in unvaccinated children sustained.