McAdoo SP, et al. - In this single-centre cohort study of 66 patients, researchers assessed the efficacy and safety of a combined rituximab and cyclophosphamide regimen in renal anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Participants received a combination of oral corticosteroids, rituximab and low-dose pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by a maintenance regimen of azathioprine and tapered steroid and were followed for a median of 56 months. They assessed long-term differences in relapse-free, renal and patient survival by performing case–control analysis with 198 propensity-matched cases from European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS) trials. Disease remission was achieved by 94% of patients by 6 months [Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) < 0]. At 5 years, the estimated patient and renal survival were 84 and 95%, respectively. In comparison to propensity-matched patients enrolled in EUVAS trials, a reduced risk of death, progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and relapse was seen in relation to treatment with this regimen. Overall, these findings suggest the potential superiority of this regimen over current standards of care.