Brodszky V, et al. - This study assessed long-term costs and survival following radical prostatectomy (RP) or conservative management (nRP) for prostate cancer, applying the longest time-window in reporting population-based incidence costs in Europe. According to findings, RP versus conservative management afforded not only longer longevity but also significantly lower total long-term costs. Hence, radical prostatectomy represents a cost-effective strategy in prostate cancer.