Masa JF, et al. - The long-term comparative effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure therapy vs non-invasive ventilation therapy in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome was determined in this multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial performed at 16 clinical sites in Spain. Researchers randomly assigned 100 patients to the non-invasive ventilation group and 115 to the continuous positive airway pressure group. The analysis included 97 of these patients in the non-invasive ventilation group and 107 in the continuous positive airway pressure group. As per outcomes, non-invasive ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure were similarly efficacious regarding long-term outcomes in stable patients. Continuous positive airway pressure might be the favored first-line positive airway pressure treatment modality in view of lower complexity and cost until more studies become available.