Perry BJ, et al. - Researchers attempted to ascertain whether kinematic changes of the tongue and jaw during swallowing, measured using 3D electromagnetic articulography (EMA), predate clinically identifiable symptoms of speech and swallowing impairment in persons diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For the purpose of this investigation, data were gathered from 16 adults diagnosed with ALS and 18 neurotypical controls. According to the findings obtained, changes in lingual and jaw motor performance during a simple water swallow task were present in persons with ALS who were pre-symptomatic of clinically detectable bulbar impairment.