Baldacci S, et al. - Via searching literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for the period 1990–2018, researchers sought to systematically evaluate and quantitatively synthesize the available epidemiological studies to assess the connection between non-genetic risk factors and gastroschisis. Included were epidemiological studies that documented risk estimates between lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors and gastroschisis. Fifty-eight studies were identified. Findings suggested an association of maternal smoking, illicit drug use and alcohol consumption with an increased risk of gastroschisis. A reduced risk was observed among black mothers as compared with non-Hispanic white mothers. No correlation has been observed for Hispanic mothers.