Madenci AL, Dieffenbach BY, Liu Q, et al. - Researchers evaluated a total of 25,530 survivors diagnosed between 1970 and 1999 (median age at cancer diagnosis, 6.1 years; age at survey, 30.2 years) and 5036 siblings for the prevalence and associated psychosocial morbidity of late-onset anorectal disease after surgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of childhood cancer. By 45 years after the diagnosis, late-onset anorectal disease developed in 394 survivors (fistula, n = 291; stricture, n = 116; anorectal subsequent malignant neoplasm, n = 26) and 84 siblings (fistula, n = 73; stricture, n = 23; anorectal neoplasm, n = 1). Among survivors, there appeared an association of pelvic radiotherapy with ≥30 Gy within 5 years of the cancer diagnosis with the late-onset anorectal disease. They observed psychosocial impairment in correlation to late-onset anorectal disease in all Brief Symptom Inventory 18 and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) domains.