Salloum R, et al. - Among 5-year survivors of medulloblastoma diagnosed between 1970 and 1999, researchers assessed late mortality (5 or more years from diagnosis), subsequent neoplasms (SNs), and chronic health conditions in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. They assessed the outcomes taking into account treatment exposure, including historical therapy (craniospinal irradiation [CSI] ≥ 30 Gy, no chemotherapy), high risk (CSI ≥ 30 Gy + chemotherapy), standard risk (CSI < 30 Gy + chemotherapy), and by treatment decade (1970s, 1980s, 1990s). They noted 23.2% (diagnosed 1970s) vs 12.8% (1990s) 15-year cumulative incidence rate of all-cause late mortality as well as a recurrence-related mortality rate of 17.7% vs 9.6% among 1,311 eligible survivors (median age, 29 years; median time from diagnosis, 21 years). A higher cumulative incidence of severe, disabling, life-threatening, and fatal chronic health conditions was noted among survivors treated in the 1990s; these subjects were more prone to develop multiple conditions. Overall, an increased risk for SNs and debilitating health conditions but a reduced need for special education services was noted in association with historical changes in medulloblastoma therapy that improved 5-year survival.