Ojima T, et al. - Researchers planned this study to compare the safety and feasibility of short-term surgical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for patients with low-risk tumors of the duodenum. In the study population, LECS was observed to be a safe, feasible, and ideal alternative to ESD with regard to short-term surgical outcomes.