Williams LA, et al. - In this review, researchers focused on etiologic heterogeneity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by subtype and analyzed current literature addressing subtype-specific epidemiologic risk factor links with ALL subtype defined by immunophenotype (eg, B-cell vs T-cell) and cytogenomics (comprising gross chromosomal events recognized by recurring numerical and structural abnormalities, along with cryptic balanced rearrangements, and focal gene deletions). An association of home paint exposure with hyperdiploid, MLL-rearranged, and ETV6-RUNX1 subtypes was reported in case-control analyses evaluating nongenetic risk factors, with few differences seen in risk factor correlations between T- and B-ALL. Among cases, a link was found between maternal smoking and a growing quantity of gene deletions. A strong association of GWAS-identified variants in ARID5B, with hyperdiploid B-ALL was found. Findings also revealed a strong association of GATA3 single nucleotide variant rs3824662 with Ph-like ALL.