Elvstam O, et al. - Swedish HIV-positive adults were retrospectively investigated for longitudinal levels of plasma markers linked to inflammation, altered coagulation and cardiovascular disease relative to low-level viremia (LLV) or permanent virological suppression during long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). Comparing 34 individuals with LLV (viral load 50–999 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) to matched controls with persistent virological suppression revealed similar levels of inflammation markers in ART recipients with and without LLV. However, significantly higher levels of growth differentiation factor 15 and D-dimer were noted among persons with LLV. Findings thereby indicate that LLV and cardiovascular outcomes may be connected.