Fresneau B, et al. - Whether alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) decline has prognostic value for childhood non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NS-GCT) was determined in the French TGM95 study. For the study, three risk groups were defined: low risk (LR: localized and completely resected pS1, AFP<15000 ng/ml), with a “wait-and-see” strategy; intermediate-risk (IR: localized incompletely resected, AFP<15000 ng/ml) with 3–5 vinblastine-bleomycine-cisplatin courses; and high risk (HiR: AFP≥15000 ng/ml and/or metastatic) with 4–6 etoposide-ifosfamide-cisplatin courses. The identified poor prognostic factors were age ≥ 10 years and extragonadal tumors. In pediatric NS-GCT, predicted time to AFP normalization was not found to be reliable, a finding contrary to what has been observed in adults.