Yang WP, Chang HH, Li HY, et al. - A retrospective study was conducted to distinguish major mineral and hormonal factors related to BMD in adult TM individuals to serve human evidence for the proposed mechanisms. Researchers included 29 individuals with β-TM, aged 23–44 years between 2017 and 2018. They collected endocrine profiles, including thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary function, glucose, vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). They further examined associations among the above parameters, body height, fractures, and BMD. In 42.9% of women and 23.1% of men, BMD was abnormal. To compare with the mean expected values, they noted 3.7 cm and 7.3 cm lower mean final heights of women and men respectively. Individuals with β-TM, hypothyroidism, higher HbA1c, and lower ACTH were predictors of abnormal BMD. Future study is needed whether the correction of these factors enhances BMD.