Puri K, Price JF, Spinner JA, et al. - Among 107 children (aged 1-21 years) with heart failure, researchers assessed the prevalence of iron deficiency, defined as ≥ 2 of the following: serum iron < 50 μg/dL, serum ferritin < 20 ng/mL, transferrin > 300 ng/mL, or transferrin saturation < 15%, and its connection with outcomes. Study participants were analyzed in two groups: biventricular systolic heart failure and single-ventricle congenital heart disease with systolic heart failure. In 56% of the pediatric patients with heart failure who were assessed with iron studies, iron deficiency was present. Findings suggested an association of iron deficiency with increased risk of ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation, or death.