Kitrungphaiboon T, et al. - Among 144 adult incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD)-associated peritonitis, researchers investigated if cefepime monotherapy was noninferior to combination regimens in terms of resolution of peritonitis at day 10, and initial response (day 5), complete cure, relapsing/recurrent peritonitis, and death from any cause. They randomly administered either intraperitoneal (IP) monotherapy of cefepime, 1 g/d, or IP combination of cefazolin and ceftazidime, 1 g/d, both given as continuous dosing. With regard to the resolution of CAPD-associated peritonitis at day 10, the noninferiority of IP cefepime monotherapy to conventional combination therapy was evident. The initial response rate and complete cure rate were not significantly different between the monotherapy group and the combination-therapy group. In the monotherapy group, the occurrence of relapsing and recurrent peritonitis was reported in 4.6% and 4.6%, this was noted in 4.2% and 5.6% of the combination-therapy group. The monotherapy group had nominally higher all-cause mortality, but this difference was not statistically important. IP cefepime monotherapy may afford a reasonable alternative first-line therapy.