Okazaki T, et al. – This study aimed to evaluate the optimal ventilation mode during thoracoscopic repair (TR) of neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) by comparing high–frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Findings suggested HFOV prevented deterioration of hypercapnia and acidosis to a greater extent than CMV during TR in neonatal cases of CDH, although patients could also be ventilated with CMV.