Mei B, et al. - Whether or not intraoperative sedation with dexmedetomidine, as a supplementary to peripheral nerve block for elderly patients receiving total hip arthroplasty, can decrease the prevalence of postoperative delirium (POD) was investigated. Patients 65 years of age or older who underwent total hip arthroplasty were included in a prospective, randomized controlled study conducted between June 2016 and June 2017. Random assignment of the patients to receive a lumbosacral plexus plus T12 paravertebral block supplemented with propofol or dexmedetomidine for sedation was performed. Outcomes suggest that administering intraoperative sedation with dexmedetomidine as a supplementary to peripheral nerve block could be associated with a lower incidence of POD. This, in turn, may reduce the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction and offer a better short-term recovery for elderly patients receiving hip arthroplasty.