Silverstein MJ, et al. - Two prospective, randomized trials, TARGIT-A and ELIOT, have demonstrated intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as a safe alternative to whole breast radiation therapy following breast-conserving surgery for selected low-risk patients. In this study, this modality of treatment using the Xoft Axxent Electronic Brachytherapy (eBx) System has been investigated for clinical efficacy. Observations reveal recurrence rates in this trial were comparable to those of the TARGIT-A and ELIOT trials as well as the retrospective TARGIT-R trial. The low complication rates reported in this study supported the cautious use and continued study of IORT in selected women with low-risk breast cancer.