Zhai FF, et al. - In a population-based study, the researchers examined the risk factors of intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and their association with neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease. One thousand, two hundred thirty-seven participants (aged 57.2±9.4 years, 37.6% men) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography were involved in this investigation. They evaluated the neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease, including lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, dilated perivascular spaces, and brain atrophy. According to the findings obtained, IADE and ICAS had different risk factor profiles and connected with different imaging phenotypes of cerebral small vessel disease, proposing different underlying mechanisms.