Polidori D, et al. - An exploration was conducted of the correlation between sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors with serum ketone body levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The enrollment consisted of Japanese patients with T2DM treated with canagliflozin 100 or 200 mg. It was deduced that individuals in the highest response tertile tended to be male and presented with higher fasting plasma glucose levels, lower insulin levels, and longer T2DM duration at baseline. Variations in serum ketones were not fully elucidated by changes in plasma fatty acids, hinting towards downstream effects of SGLT2 inhibition on hepatic metabolism that favour ketogenesis. Thus, greater increases in serum ketone bodies with canagliflozin were disclosed and appeared to be more variable compared to changes in other metabolic measures in patients.