Perlman RL, Zhao J, Fuller DS, et al. - Researchers focused on characterizing international differences in anemia measures and management among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Enrollment of adult PD patients from 6 countries, from 2014 to 2017, was done in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. At study enrollment in Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (US), cross-sectional comparisons of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin levels, and transferrin saturation, and erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron use were performed. Hb 10 – 11.9 g/dL was detected in the majority of patients, with 4% – 12% patients ≥ 13 g/dL and 16% – 23% < 10 g/dL. Higher use of ESAs was reported in Japan (94% of patients) compared with elsewhere (66% – 79% of patients). Across countries, Hb levels were comparable but ESA and iron use differed notably, as revealed in this largest international observational investigation of anemia and anemia management in patients receiving PD. Compared with other countries, higher ferritin levels and higher intravenous iron use was reported among PD patients in the US.