Petra AI, et al. - Cytokine interleukin (IL) 31 has emerged as an important component of allergic and inflammatory diseases associated with pruritus, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and mastocytosis. Herein, it was inquired if IL-33 can stimulate the secretion of IL-31 from cultured human mast cells (MCs) and if this response is augmented by either the neuropeptide substance P (SP) or immunoglobulin E (IgE) and anti-IgE in the absence or presence of IL-4. Evidence demonstrated that IL-33 induced secretion of IL-31 from Laboratory of Allergic Diseases (LAD2) MC. This action was augmented by novel neuroimmune interactions that may help in the development of new treatments of allergic and inflammatory diseases, especially AD and mastocytosis.