Eich ML, et al. -Researchers evaluated the expression status and prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Between 1997 and 2011, two tissue microarrays (TMAs) were developed from 99 Japanese individuals with non-metastatic UTUC submitted to radical nephroureterectomy. Findings suggested no association of IGF1R expression with tumor recurrence, tumor progression, overall mortality, or cancer-specific mortality. In addition, IGF1R was not related to any clinicopathologic features. The investigators found positive IGF1R expression in more than two-thirds of UTUC. Overall, findings supported rationale for further study of IGF1R as a potential therapeutic target in UTUC. IGF1R expression in UTUC did not correlate with the result in contrast to bladder cancer, further pointing to biologic differences between bladder cancer and UTUC.