Xu Y, et al. - Given the association of pathological inflammation with preterm labor and birth, researchers investigated if the newly described family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) was present at the human maternal-fetal interface and if ILC inflammatory subsets were associated with the pathological process of preterm labor. They recognized that during preterm and term gestations, ILC2s were the most abundant ILC subset at the human maternal-fetal interface. Yet, there was an increase in ILC2s and ILC3s in the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis, respectively, during preterm labor. Findings thereby indicated a role for ILCs at the maternal-fetal interface during the pathological process of preterm labor.