Lee YM, et al. - Based on the database of the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (a nationally representative cohort of 1,125,691 participants in Korea followed over 11 years) a nested case-control study was performed to evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on reducing lung cancer risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. As compared to current smokers, the impact of ICS on lung cancer risk reduction was more notable in former smokers. In COPD patients, ICS use was correlated with reduced lung cancer risk. They found an inverse dose-response relationship; increasing cumulative ICS dose was correlated with reducing lung cancer risk. In men and former smokers, the impact was most pronounced.