Jiang HY, et al. - Researchers performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between infection (and the associated antibiotic exposure) and the risk of celiac disease (CD). Systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to April 2019 yielded 19 observational studies (15 on infection and six on antibiotic exposure) for the meta-analysis. An increase in the odds of developing CD was observed in correlation to exposure to early infection or antibiotics. This suggests a possible role of intestinal immune or microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of CD. These findings may influence clinical management and primary prevention of CD. However, the elimination of non-causal explanations for these positive associations was not possible.