Chen Y, et al. - In this retrospective cohort study involving 96 patients (average age was 29.7 ± 10.5 years), researchers identified the independent risk factors for long-term skeletal relapse following mandibular advancement with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Findings suggested a significant association of preoperative mandibular plane angle (MPA), mandibular counterclockwise rotation, and the magnitude of mandibular advancement with vertical long-term skeletal relapse. As a consequence, preoperative MPA, the magnitude of mandibular advancement, and counterclockwise mandibular rotation of the mandible were found to be independent risk factors for both horizontal and vertical long-term skeletal relapse. Although it is not completely possible to avoid long-term skeletal relapse, recognizing the independent risk factors and their roles will improve clinical preparation and long-term stability.