Hirano D, et al. - This observational study was meant to assess temporal trends in acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence according to the Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Renal Disease (pRIFLE) criteria, determine independent risk factors for AKI post- cardiac surgery, and evaluate links between AKI and long-term mortality. A strong association of postoperative AKI with young age, high Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) category, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was highlighted in findings. Additionally, the reported mortality rate was higher in patients who survived after recovery from AKI compared with those without AKI, even among the lower pRIFLE categories.