Pederzoli F, et al. - Through a multicenter database of 950 cases with cT2–4N0M0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with radical cystectomy, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), the researchers intended to determine the incremental utility of adjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC and to recognize which subject with MIBC would profit from AC. No evidence of an AC effect on the 1-yr recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was seen. Conversely, among subjects with pT3–4 or pN1 disease who received AC, the 1-yr RFS rate was greater. A variation between AC and no AC in cases who had received NAC before could not be exhibited. Hence, AC had a correlation with incremental RFS benefits but only for cases with a nomogram-derived 1-yr recurrence probability of >40%.