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Increasing rates of pediatric empyema and disease severity with predominance of serotype 3 S. pneumonia: An Australian single-center, retrospective cohort 2011 to 2018

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Oct 23, 2019

Haggie S, Fitzgerald DA, Pandit C, et al. - Due to the uncertain effect of universal 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in Australia on pediatric empyema rates and pathogens, researchers conducted this retrospective study to identify empyema epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and care over an 8-year span. The study sample consisted of cases of empyema admitted to a large pediatric referral hospital for either pleural drainage and fibrinolytics or surgical intervention management. There have been 195 cases in 8 years. Incidence of empyema and ICU admission rates increased significantly during the 2016 study with a peak incidence of 7.1/1000 medical admissions. They record rising rates of pediatric empyema with higher proportions which require treatment with ICU. S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. pyogenes were the most common pathogens detected. Serotype 3 was the most common S. pneumoniae serotype identified despite high 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage.
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