Tsai CF, Chen MH, Wang YP, et al. - By using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, researchers assessed psychiatrist-diagnosed depression risk among patients suffering from peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) receiving anti-H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) therapy. They matched patients and controls for age, gender, income, level of urbanization, and comorbidities. There were 1 million beneficiaries in the NHIRD; of those, 7087 patients were eligible to be included in the eradication cohort and 7087 matched non-eradication controls with PUD were selected. A significant short-term (less than 30 days) elevation in the incidence of psychiatrist-diagnosed depressive disorder was observed in relation to antibiotic eradication treatment for H. pylori infection; this can be overlooked by gastroenterologists and general practitioners.