Ioannou GN, Beste LA, Green PK, et al. - Researchers examined how hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication has influenced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) annual incidence over time and sought for dynamic markers of HCC risk. In the Veterans Health Administration, 48,135 patients initiated HCV antiviral treatment from 2000 through 2015 and achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR); of these, 29,033 were treated with direct-acting antiviral agents and 19,102 were treated with interferon-based regimens. Among these, they identified 1,509 incident HCCs during follow up until February 14, 2019 (average 5.4 years). As per observations, a high risk for HCC (> 2%/year) among patients with cirrhosis before an SVR to treatment for HCV infection remained for many years, even if their fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score decreases, and should continue surveillance. High risk was noted for patients without cirrhosis but with FIB-4 scores ≥ 3.25; this risk was high enough to merit HCC surveillance, especially if FIB-4 remains ≥ 3.25 post-SVR.