He C, et al. - Using a competing risk approach, the efficacy of recombinant human type-5 adenovirus (H₁₀₁) was evaluated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Increased overall survival (OS) and decreased cancer-specific mortality among patients who were diagnosed with non-resectable HCC treated with combined TACE and H₁₀₁ therapy was demonstrated compared with TACE therapy. In patients with an elevated alpha-fetoprotein level, absence of metastasis, single tumors, enlarged tumors, and HBsAg-positivity, the survival benefit was more apparent.