Wren TA, et al. - Experts tested the premise that vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA), as well as lumbar lordosis (LL), was related to spondylolysis. On multiple linear and logistic regression analyses, they noted a negative association of the CSA of the vertebral body with LL angle and an independent predictor of the presence of spondylolysis. Regardless of whether girls and boys were analyzed together or independently, and whether LL angle was measured from L1 to L5 or S1, this was true. Results demonstrated an increased LL and smaller vertebral CSA in patients with spondylolysis.