Schootman M, et al. - Given an increased risk of death within 30 days after surgery for colon cancer among patients with (vs without) diabetes mellitus, researchers sought for the potential mediators of the effect of diabetes mellitus on all-cause 30-day mortality risk after surgery for colon cancer. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at various hospitals across the United States (from 435 to 603 hospitals) using the 2013–2015 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. The data yielded 26,060 patients for this work; of these 18.8% (n = 4,905) had diabetes mellitus that was treated with insulin (n = 1,595) or other antidiabetic agents (n = 3,340). In the multivariable model, 76.7% of the association between diabetes mellitus and 30-day mortality was explained; patients with diabetes mellitus vs those without diabetes mellitus had an equal likelihood to death within 30 days. Anemia and sepsis explained 33.7% and 15.2% of the effect of diabetes mellitus on 30-day mortality. They recommend undertaking better management and prevention of anemia and sepsis among patients with diabetes mellitus for reducing their heightened risk of death after colon cancer resection.