Youlden DR, et al. - Given that neuroblastoma [an embryonal malignancy of neural crest cells, manifesting in the sympathetic nervous system] predominantly affects younger children and shows heterogeneous behaviour, researchers characterized incidence and outcomes for neuroblastoma utilizing national population-based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. In addition, second primary malignancies (SPMs) and recurrence were examined. Deidentified data for all children (0–14 years) diagnosed with neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma were extracted from 1983 to 2015. Using the cohort method, cause-specific (CSS) and event-free survival were estimated. Participants in the study were 1,269 patients. At diagnosis, the proportion of patients with the metastatic disease dropped from 63% in 1983–1995 to 42% by 2006–2015. In Australia, CSS for childhood neuroblastoma has significantly improved over time but still remains lower than for most other types of childhood cancer. SPMs are rare and have a better prognosis than primary tumor relapse.