Hamilton BCS, Dincheva GR, Matthay MA, et al. - Given the improvement in early survival after lung transplantation in the last decade, researchers examined if an improvement has occurred in posttransplant survival in mechanically ventilated recipients, the higher risk group for early posttransplant mortality. Hazard of death at 30 days, 4 and 14 months, 3 and 5 years, and overall for adults on mechanical ventilation who underwent lung or heart-lung transplantation from May 4, 2011, to April 4, 2018 (modern group) was compared with those undergoing transplantation from May 4, 2005, to May 3, 2011 (early group) using a national registry. Observations revealed that while mechanically ventilated recipients remain at high-risk, recipients from the modern group vs recipients in the early group had a lower hazard of death at all time-points; it was lowest at 30-days posttransplant. This indicates an increase in survival in this patient population over time and may reflect improvements in perioperative recipient management.