Chatzopoulos GS, et al. - This retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate any potential relationship between demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, dental insurance, and medical and tobacco history between patients that received endodontic treatment or extraction and implant treatment in a university dental clinic. In a university setting, demographic parameters, insurance status, smoking, and medical history significantly affected the treatment selection between the implant and endodontic treatment, within the limitations of this retrospective study.