Sudjaritruk T, Bunupuradah T, Aurpibul L, et al. - In this multicenter, randomized, active-control, open-labeled trial, researchers sought to assess the influence of vitamin D and calcium supplementation (VitD/Ca) on lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD) and bone metabolism among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIVA). PHIVA (aged 10 to 20 years) who were on stable cART were registered. Eligible PHIVA were given either standard-dose VitD/Ca (400IU/1,200mg daily) or high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation (400IU/1,200mg daily plus ergocalciferol 20,000IU weekly) for 48 weeks (ratio 1:1,stratified by baseline LSBMD). Among 200 registered PHIVA, the median age was 16 (IQR:14-18)years; 61% were on NNRTI-based cART. Over the course of 48 weeks of VitD/Ca supplementation, the Thai PHIVA in both treatment groups experienced significant increases in LSBMD and significant decreases in bone metabolism-related markers. The improvement in LSBMD z-score was greater with high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation compared with standard-dose. In this population, high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation may be considered to promote bone health.