Pi Fogtmann Sejer E, et al. - In this population-based prospective cohort study, researchers evaluated the effect of gestational age (GA), late preterm birth (34 to < 37 weeks GA) and very to moderately preterm birth (< 34 weeks GA) on intelligence, attention and executive function in a population of Danish children aged 5 years. The study sample consisted of 1,776 children and their mothers sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort with information on GA, family and background factors and finished neuropsychological evaluation at age 5. Compared with children born at term, substantially lower intelligence and poorer executive function were found in children born <34 weeks GA. GA can play a significant role in determining cognitive abilities that are independent of maternal intelligence and parental education. Studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings, as there was a small proportion of preterm born children in this study population.