Obara W, et al. - Given that a phase I study using two peptide vaccines derived from M phase phosphoprotein 1 (MPHOSPH1) and DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) showed hopeful results for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer, researchers assessed if these peptides could prevent recurrence after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor in subjects with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This phase 2 clinical trial was comprised of 127 patients. The results obtained from this study indicated that cancer peptide vaccines in combination with intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy showed good immunogenicity and safety. In addition, the benefit for preventing recurrence of NMIBC could be provided.