Calkins KL, Chander G, Joshu CE, PhD1; , et al. - In this observational cohort study of 196 adults with HIV who had an incident first cancer and accessible cancer treatment data while in the care of The Johns Hopkins HIV Clinic from January 1, 1997, through March 1, 2016, experts evaluated the relationship between cancer treatment and CD4 count and HIV RNA level in people with HIV and between posttreatment CD4 count and HIV RNA trajectories and all-cause mortality. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in comparison with surgery or other treatment, was related to significantly decreased initial CD4 count in adults with HIV. Lower CD4 count following cancer treatment was correlated with a heightened hazard of mortality. Moreover, provided the reduction in CD4 count following treatment and the already immunocompromised state of people with HIV, monitoring of immune status could also be beneficial.