Pang X, et al. - The relationship between interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) expression and inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis B virus {HBV}-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) were identified. Flow cytometry was performed to measure IFI16 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and used immunohistochemistry and western blotting to measure IFI16 protein levels in liver tissues. Using double immunofluorescence, the cellular source of IFI16 was detected. The study findings suggested that IFI16 was closely associated with the degree of inflammation in CHB and HBV-ACLF patients and could serve as a vital contributor to the pathogeneses of liver damage in HBV-ACLF.