Case R, et al. - Barriers to providing bystander CPR were investigated in regions with low rates of bystander CPR and where out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was recognised in the emergency call. Researchers identified three types of barriers: procedural barriers (time lost due to language barriers and communication issues; telephone problems), CPR knowledge (skill deficits; perceived benefit) and personal factors (physical frailty or disability; patient position; emotional factors). In high-risk regions, targeting public education needs to provide information about what occurs in an emergency call, how to recognise an OHCA and to improve CPR knowledge and skills may provide help to overcome these barriers.