Chiam K, et al. - Whether microRNAs (miRNAs) can predict outcomes following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was evaluated via analyzing endoscopic biopsies from esophageal adenocarcinomas attained before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy. Relapse-free survival was correlated with two miRNA ratios (miR-4521/miR-340-5p and miR-101-3p/miR-451a). Cox regression analysis revealed that factors significantly linked with survival include pretreatment expression of these two miRNA ratios, pretreatment tumor differentiation, posttreatment AJCC histopathological tumor regression grading, and posttreatment tumor clearance/margins.