Wisgrill L, et al. - The immunomodulatory impacts of human lactoferrin (hLF) on differentiation and activation of monocyte-derived macrophages (moMϕ), were investigated herein. Findings revealed that via toll like receptor (TLR) expression and pathway interference, hLF promoted anergic/anti-inflammatory impacts, leading to a diminished pro-inflammatory moMϕ phenotype. It was observed that in the developing gut of premature infants, the anergic/anti-inflammatory properties of hLF might contribute to the prevention of harmful TLR-mediated inflammatory disorders.