Lehtola H, et al. -Authors compared the oral anticoagulation (OAC)-treated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with an ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as their first lifetime cerebrovascular event, especially focusing on patients with therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). They hypothesised that in AF patients suffering ischemic stroke/TIA or ICH, patient characteristics could be different in patients with therapeutic INR compared to patients with warfarin. Findings suggested an association of congestive heart failure and hypercholesterolemia with ischemic stroke/TIA and history of bleeding with ICH in anticoagulated AF patients with therapeutic INR and first-lifetime cerebrovascular event.